Insulation of electricity.



E. MULLER.

INSULATION 0F ELECTRICITY. APPLICATION FILED AUG-10.1909- RENEWED OCT. 17. I917.

1,264,674. Patented Apr. 30, 1918.

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E. MULLER.

INSULATION 0F ELECTRICITY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-10,1909- RENEWED OCT. 17,1917.

1 ,264 1374, Patented Apr. 80, 1918.

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E. MULLER.

INSULATION 0F ELECTRICITY.

APPLICATION FILED AUGIOrIQOQ. RENEWED OCT. 17,1917. 1,264,674.

Patented Apr. 30, 1918 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- n v e n In P:

Erwin l/'ller,

,5 his r/Yiiarne Witnesses:

3 men EBWIN momma, or nnecxwnnn, GERMANY.

- INSlILATION OF ELECTRICITY.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 30, 1918.

Application filed August 10,1909, Serial No. 512,142. Renewed October 17, 1917. Serial No. 197,174.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERWIN Mom, engineer, a subject of the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, residing in Brackwede, .Germany, Kupferhammer 59, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Insulation of Electricity, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to an improved electrical insulation.-

lVith the means heretofore available, it has been impossible to effectively prevent the leakage or escape of electricity under certain conditionsflsuch for instance, where small quantities of electricity at relatively high tension were to be insulated on the surface of, or in chambers where conductive gases, vapors and the like, were likely to be present and collect. Where the surface of the insulating body employed was confined to a very small area, the inadequacy of the means heretofore available as insulation was tion in molst air.

still more pronounced, since, in such cases, the finely divided bodies, such as carbon dust, acid vapors and the like, suspended in the air or other media, which were caused by the electrical precipitation itself, would readilyconduct the current and thus break clown'the insulation. Such conditions commonly arose when very high tension electricity was employed for stimulating the growth of useful plants in-which very extended high tension systems supply only small quantitiesof. electricity; when means were used for obtaining or measuring Lelectricity in the higher layers of the atmosphere in which, as a rule, very small quantities of electricity. at exceedingly high tension, came into consideration; or when means were used for measuring the ioniza- When it was aimed to obtain or measure electricity in upper layers of theatmosphere, as aforementioned, a further difficulty was encountered in that the insulating devices were subjected to' very great strains.

'Among the main objects of the present invention, it is intended to provide means which will serve as adequate insulation under all the aforesaid extreme conditions.

Where high tension currents are con ducted a great distance, the means heretofore available as insulation have been by theinsulating means heretofore employed, it is possible, by means of the pres-'.

ent invention, to obtain a material rise in efliciency, an increase in the economical limits of the tension, and an increase in the economical limits of the distance of the transmitting energy.

A still further feature of the present invention is the use thereof as an adequate insulation when electricity at low tension is'used, as, for instance, in electro-chemical or electro-metallurgical processes, in which Y heretofore it was entirely-impossible to prevent, or only possible imperfectly to prevent, the admission of acid or metallic vapors, frequently combined with high heat,

to the insulating devices.

As a rule, the several noxious influences aforementioned seldom occur independently oneofthe other but generally in combinationwith oneor another of the other in fluences if not with all the other simultaneously. The present invention aims to provide means for effectively combating the several noxious influences either in combination with one or another of the other influences, or with all the others when they. occur simultaneously with one another, as I well as individually when they occur all alone, independent of one another. These means, their combinations, and their mode of employment, are hereinafter described.

These and other features, capabilities and advantages of the present improvement,

will more fully appear from the subj'oined detail description of one specific embodiment thereof, in which- Figure 1 illustrates a'fragmental view in section of a modification in which an arrangement is provided for use with an in sulating fluid.

F ig. 2 illustrates "a fragmental view,

partly .in section, of another modification similar to that shown in Fig. 1, in which,

however, the surface on which the insulating fluid travels, is curved.

Fig. 2 illustrates a fragmental view, partly in section, of still another modification similar to that shown in Fig. 2 in .which, however, there are provided a plurality of curved passages through which the insulating fluid is guided.

Fig. 3 illustrates a fragmental view, partly in section, of a modification in which one of theconductors has a hood-formation to prevent the access of conductive material I as well as to'guide the insulating fluid.

Fig. 4: shows a fragmental view, partly in section, of a modification in which a shell surrounds the insulator proper, the shell having a plurality of passages therethrough from which insulating fluid is to be discharged, and which passages are provided with guards to deflect any incoming conductive substance.

Fig. d shows a fragmental view,lpartly in section, of a modification showing the application of the invention to an arrangement in which a connection between two conductors extends through a wall from which the two conductors are to be insulated, by means of an arrangement having insulating fluid which may be discharged through a plurality of passages.

Fig. 5 shows a fragmental view, partly in section,

of a modification similar to that shown in Figs. 2 and 1 in which, however, the discharge passages of the insulating fluid are equippedwith sealing chambers.

Fig. 5 shows a fragmental view, partly in section, of a modificat-ion'similar to that shown in Fig. 5 in which another form of sealing chamber is provided.

Fig. 5' shows a fragmental 'view,partly in section, of an arrangement in which a non-conducting fluid may be conveniently pumped to the fluid insulator of a pole adapted for aeriallines. I

Fig. 6 shows a fragmental view, partly in section, of an arrangement in which an insulating fluid is used, as well as sealing chambers, through which such insulating I fluid is passed, and in addition thereto, heating'means. I

Theseveral distinct means which act indivldually and in combination to adequately efi'ect insulation by the present inventionare 2 A moving non conducting fluid actuated across a surface to be insulated; sealing chambers disposed in the passages through which the moving non-conducting fluid is discharged and therebyto prevent the pas sage of a current through such passages in' the event the moving non-conducting fluid is not efiective; filtering means through which the fluid for the sealing chambers is passed to filter out any conductive or other injurious substance; a jet of fluid actuated between the points where the electrical contacting bridge is about to be formed; insulatory heating means wherebv the injurious effects of heat and cold on an insulating system may be prevented; cureonora rent discharging means, such as a Faraday- Thomson chamber for deenergizing drops of water and the like; and potential regulating means;

lln the embodiment shown-in Fig. 1, there.

is illustrated a conductor 11 secured to the lower horizontal surface of an insulator K, which insulator has an inclined surface on which a conductor 10 is disposed. The

atmosphere disposed below the insulator 7 and about the conductor 11 is designated as 2, while the atmosphere disposed above the upper inclined surface of the insulator 7 and about the conductor 10 is designated as '1. If the atmospheres 1 and 2 were in communication with one another and the.

finely sub-divided conductive bodies, such as acid vapors,v carbon dust, and the like, were suspended in such atmospheres, a condition would be presented in which the current could readily be conducted through such conductive bodies from one conductor tothe other. To prevent such conduction,

.a nozzle 12 15 provided which is directed toward the surface 54: of the insulator 7 and through which anon-conductive fluid At isdischarged onto. the surface 54 so that it will flow all around the conductor 10 thereby eflectually interrupting the continuity of might be formed by the sub-divided bodies any conductive medium that suspended in the atmospheresql and 2 between the conductors 10, and 11.

In the embodiment shown i Q, a conductor 5 is secured to a wall 13 of conductivje material and separated therefrom by an insulator 14:. 'llhe binding rod 15, which secures the conductor 5 to the insulater 14, is a tubular member through which is conveyed a non-conductive fluid 19 similar to the fluid. used with the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, Projecting downwardly around the tubular member 15, the insulator 14 is provided with an annular member 17, the inner surface 18 of which is concave, the downwardly projecting curved concave surface being unsuited to the ready settling thereon of conductive substances. The tubular member 15 inside of the annular member 17 is rovided with openings 16 through which t e fiuidj19 discharges onto the concave surface 18 of the annular member 17 and thus, the binding 'rod or tubular member 15 being of c0nduc layer on the insulator,

.with a downwardly projecting annular bellsha Jed member 17 inside of which and concentric thereto, a plurality of bell-shaped members 20 are disposed, all of which bellshaped membersare spaced from one another to form guiding passages 21 from the openings 22 in the tubular member lzi' by means of which the fluid 19 issuing from the openings 22 is guided in its outwardpassage. This arrangement, in addition to preventing the formation of a conductive surface, serves to sub-divide the fall in the potential.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, a device adapted to take up a pull inthe direction of the arrow :22 is shown as comprising a conductor 23 of bell-shaped construction and connected by a draw-bar 24 to an insulator 25. The insulator 25 is secured to a conductor 26 from which the conductor 23 is to be insulated, the conductor 26 being provided with a bore 27 through which the draw-bar 24 extends; At the end of the bore 27, adjacent to the conductor 23, there is provided a cup-shaped member 28 which extends into the bell-shaped conductor 23 and cooperates therewith to prevent the admission of coarser conductive bodies. Disposed in the conductor 26, and in communicationwith the bore 27, there is formed a second bore 29 by means of which an insulating fluid 30 is conveyed to the bore 27, which fluid passes through such bore 1n the direction of the arrows, thereby preventing the collection of conductive substances on the surface of said bore 27 and furthermore discharging from the conductor 23 to further insulate the surface of both the conductors 23 and 24. On account of the insulating efi'ect produced by the cooperation of the bell-shaped conductor 23 with the cup shaped member 28 to prevent the admission of coarser conductive substances, it is obvious that the effect required to be producedby the insulating fluid 30 need only be sufficient to prevent the accumulation ofthe finer conductive substances.

In the embodiments shown in Fig. 4, a device is provided having two conductors 31 disposed on opposite sides of the wall 32 and connected to one another by the rod 60, which conductors 31 are to be insulated from the wall 32. The rod 60 passes through-a bore 33 in the insulator 34, which extends vided with a'cup-shaped member 35, which extends around the body of the insulator 34 adjacent .to the wall 32 and forms a chamber therewith. Below the cup-shaped member.

35- ther are arranged around the insulator 34, a plurality of annular members 36 which have openings in them adjacent to the insulator 34 that are in communication with the chamber formed by the cup-shaped member 35. The upper portion of the insulator 34 is constricted, and arotmd such constricted portion there is disposed a perfo rated casing 37 spaced apart therefrom to form a chamber, one of the conductors 31 forming the roof for such chamber. cured to the casing 37 there are a plurality of annular guards 38 preferably of conductive material and having downwardly and inwardly curved flanges at their free ends, such guards being spaced from one another and having disposed between them rows of perforations so that the guards might serve as guides for the substance issuing from such perforations. The upper conductor 31 furthermore laps over and beyond the outer peripheries of said guards and thereby serves as a protection to prevent the admission into the chamber in said casing 37 of coarser conductive substances. For conveying nonconductive insulating fluid 42 into the chamber in said casing 37 and into the chamber in the cup-shaped member 35, a conduit 38' is provided which has al'branchway 39 ex-' tending through such casing 37 and into the chamberth'erein, and also a branchway 40 which extends through the wall 32 and into the chamber in such cup-shapedmember 35. In .communication with the chamber in said cup-shaped member 35 there is a bore 41 extending through said insulator 34 and extending to the bore 33. From the foregoing,

it will be seen that when the insulating fluid 42 is fed intothe conduit 38, it will be passed into the chamber formed inside of the.casing 37 and discharged through the perforations thereof, and also passinto the chamber inside of said cup-shaped member a 35 and from there into the bore 33 and in addition thereto discharge from between the annular members 36 thereby preventing the collection of a continuous layer of conductive substances between the conductors 31 and the wall 32.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is similarto the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, and comprises two conductors 31' which are disposed on opposite sides of the wall 32 and connected by a rod 60 which passes through a bore 33' in the insulator 34', which insulator 34' extends through the wall 32'. Between the insulator 34 and the upper con ductor 31, there are formed'a plurality of insulating disk members 43 which are spaced ductive substances in the bore 33 as well communication with the bore-33 by means of which conduit til/insulating fluid 42' may be conveyed to the bore 33 from which it can discharge through the spaces formed between the disks 4'3 and the insulator 34 'trical conductive thereby preventing the accumulation of conas to prevent the accumulation of a continuous layer of conductive substances between the conductor 31 and the wall 32'.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, there is provided a conductor 4-i disposed centrally of the conductor 45. The conductor 44: is secured to the center of the upper section a of the insulator 4:7, which extends through and is secured to the inner periph- The insulator 47,

cry of the conductor 45. in the present instance, comprises the afore said section a and the sections. 7) and 0. which are disposed one below the other and form passages 48 and i9 between them. The sections a, b and c, are provided with open= ings concentric with one another to form the bore 50 through which extends the tubular member 51 secured, in the present instance, to the conductor l-i, the tubular member 51 being provided with openings 52 to permit the passage of the non-conductive insulating fluid 53 passing through'said tubular member 51 into said bore 50. Secured to the lower section 0 of the insulator at? there is formed a collar member 57 which closes the lower end of the bore 50. The passages i8 and 49 are wavelike in conformation to form sealing chambers having the pockets 58 and 59 into which the sealing fluid is fed. preferably composed of a non-conductive liquid of a heavier specific gravity than that of the "non-conductive fluid 53. This non-conductive liquid ,is fed to the pockets 58 by means of the passage 60* formed through the sectlOILGi and'fed to the pockets 59 by means a of the passages 6:2. lln operation, when the sealing liquid is disposed in the pockets 58 and 59 and. the non-conductive insulating fluid is being fed through the tubular member 51, it will pass into the bore 50and from. there through the openings 52 to the? pockets 58 and 59 and will have sutlicient force to pass throughthe sealing liquid disposed in such pockets 58 and 59. From the foregoing, it" will be seen that here again insulation is obtained in preventing accumulation of conductive substances inside of the insulator proper and in preventing the forconductor 44 disposed in the nacaeva mation of a continuous layer of conductive substances between the conductors A and 45 by means of a moving non-conductive fluid. When this fluid 53 is out of operation or comes to rest, it will be seen that the sealing liquid in the pockets 58' and 59 will prevent the passage theret-hrough of an electric current.

lit isfurther to be noticed that the continuous passage of the non-con- ,to one of the free annular edges of the sections'a, b and c.

- This casing 63 is secured to the conductor -15 and is provided with a passage 65 through which a fluid is fed, which passes the outer annular edges of the sections a, b

and 0, thereby breaking up any bridges that might have been formed between such edges,

and furthermore causing a suction by means of whichitwill assist the fluid 53 in discharging. 4

The embodiment shown in Fig; 5 is similar to; that shown in Fig. 5 and comprises a center of the upper section a of the insulator 427 which is disposed on and secured to the conductor 45' from which the conductor 4% is to be insulated. The insulator ii" comprises addition to the atoresaid'section a, the sections Z) and 0 disposed below one another and forming between them the passages 48' and 49. The sectionsc, b and 0, are 1 provided with concentric openings forming the bore 50 through which extends the: tubular member 51 having openings 52 in communication; with the bore 50, Secured to the lower sections, and at the center thereof, there is formed a collar 57 which closes the lower end of the bore 50.

The passages 48' and 49 comprise en-' larged annular channels 58 and 59 connected with one another by the narrow passages 66, the enlarged annular channels 59 of the lower passage 49' forming sealing pockets to which'a sealing liquid is supplied by the conduits 62. t The operation of H18 embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is somewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 5 and consists essen-. tially in the feeding of non-conductive insulating fluid 53' through the tubular member 51 and which it discharges through the openings 52 into the bore 50 and from there passes through the assages 48 and 49 throiigh the sealing liquid disposed in the sealingpockets 59, the sealing liquid serv ingto prevent the discharge therethrough of adapted for aerial lines, and comprises a bell-shaped insulating member 67 having I I tion 85 of-the section there is formed a a supporting projection 68 formed 011 its upper end around which the conductor 69 passes. The bell-shaped member 67 is provided with a central bore into which extends the tubular member 70. The inner surface of the insulating member 67 is provided with'fan annular downwardly extendprojection 71,extends, and also has an, an-- mg projection 71 having annular channels on each side of it. Around the tubular member 70, adjacent to the bell-shaped member 67, there is arranged a second insulating member 72 which has an annular recess 73 in its upper surface into which the annular nular upwardly extending flange 77 at. its

periphery which extends into the annular channel 'formed around the outside of the annular projection 71. Between the members 67 and 72, a passage 74 is provided in communication with the tubular member 70. The tubular member 70 is connected to a res- .ervoir 75 adapted to contain a non-conductive liquid, and has passed through it a small pipe connection 7 6 connected to a pump (not shown) by means of which the non-conduc tive liquid contained in the reservoir 75 is pumped up into the annular channel 73 to .forma sealing chamber whereby to prevent 'by which the section the admission of objectionable substances or else to discharge out from between the mem hers 67 and 72 to prevent the formation of an electrical conductin bridge or the like.

' In the embodiment s h is provided a tubular conducting member 77 to be attached to the upper insulating crown member 78 and to be insulated from;

the conductive member 79 'in which the downwardly extending portion 85 of the insulating section 9 is secured, the insulating crown member tending from the center of its lower surface a cylindrical portion ,81 which extends down into the portion 85 of the insulating section 9.

'Below a downwardly extending annular'projection outei' periphery of the upper section (1. Inside of the section. d, and d is supported, there is disposed a section e having a -downwardly extending annular-projection 83 disposed inwardly of the projection 82. Inside of the I sectione' there 1s dlsposed'a section 7 havin projection 86 and also extending tubular portion 87 on which-the own in Fig. 6, there I .78 havlng downwardly exthe insulating member 78 vis disposed an upper bell-shaped section d having a downwardly extending annular projection 84 disposed inwardly of the projection 83. Inside of the section f there is disposed the section 9 which is provided with the portion 85, the section g having inwardly of the prol y extending annular ject-ion 84 a downwar an inner upwardly sections 6 and f are-secured.

Inside of the downwardly extendlng porreservoir for non-conductive oil or the like.

-At the lower end ofthe cylindrical portion bore 90 extending through the cylindrical portion 81. The portion 81 is provided with another opening which forms a communication between the bore 90 and a second bore 94 formed in the section 9, which extends upwardly and communicates with the a In this chamber 92, and securedto the cylindrical annular filtering member 93 having two troughs'95 and 96 for containing non-conductive oil or the like. From the filtering member 93, the filtered oil is fed by suitable conduits (not shown) to the annular sealing chamber 97 formed by the cooperation of the sections 01- and e, The sealing chamber 97 is provided with a conduit 98-which leads to the chamber 99 and permits oil to discharge into the sealing chamber 100 formed by the cooperation of the sections a and f, by dropping from,the annular flange 101 formed at thef outlet of the conduit 98 so as chamber 100 in turn is provided with a con duit 102 by means of which the oil may be chamber 92 formed by the sections (1 and e.

portion/81, there is disposed an n to prevent the oil from flowing along the lateral wall of the chamber 99. The sealing from the annular flange 104 formed at'theoutlet of the conduit 102. The sealing cham ber 103 is provided with a conduit 106' by means. of which the oil is permitted to be conducted over the annular flange 107 at the outlet of the conduit 106 into the chamber '1 08,which oil, by means of the conduit 109,

is returned to the reservoir 88. The oil of the reservoir 88 is pumped up by means of a the non-conductive fluidllO, which is preferably of a lighter specific gravity than tHe oil in the reservoir88, which fluid 110 is fed through the conduit 77 into the pipe connection 111, which extends down through the cylindrical portion 81 into the reservoir 88' thereby acting as a gas-lift pump to pum up the oil contained in said reservoir, 88. he pipe wnnection 111 also commumcates with the chamber 92 by means of the passage 122 xtending through the cylindrical portion 81, r

lhe fluid 110 will, from the chamber 92,

pass

' v walls of the chambers in which such drop ping takes place, and thus, even though the oil were so contaminated as to conduct a current, there would be suficient interruptions to prevent the formation of a continuous conductive layer.

lhe projections 82, 83 and 86 are provided A with annular conducting strips 112 which are connected by suitable conductors 1 .17. with the resistances 113, 114:, and 116. The.

resistances 113, 11 i and 116, may he connected with any suitable source ofcurrent (not shown},

For further protecting the insulation aforesaid, a heating system is provided to form choke points. By employing heat means, the surfaces are heated andthereby theforeign bodies on such surfaces are vibrated and consequently the electrical resistance of such parts is increased. llhe aforesaid choke-points are preferably ar- A also heating the tubular extension 87 tially ranged in constrictions or cavities of the insulator where they are substantially withdrawn from the cooling action of the surrounding'space, such as the wind, a conducting surface or the like. The heating system illustrated in Fig. 6 consists essen-v of the resistance 11 i, whichytogether with the resistance 113, heats the tubular member 81 through which the fluid 110 passes thereby heating such fluid 110 and through which the oil passes on its way to the sealingchamber, thereby heating such oil, which fluid 110 and oil in turn heat the filtering member 93. As the heated fluid 110 passes through the sealing chamber 100, it will further heat the oil in such sealing chambe and absorb moisture and such like conductive substances contained in the oil.

'may be created, or the By means of the chamber 123 formed in the projection 84, inwhich chamber a vacuum same filled up with hydrogen or thelike, the sealing chamber 106 is protected from its lower side against loss ofheat; 4 f r In the projection 86, another form of heating mean is illustrated, the projection 88 comprising two, portions ,h and 71, Between these projections it and i, a heat insulating means 124:, is. inserted, and in the portion 71 an electrical heating resistance 125 is disposed, which is downwardly extending nacaeaa connected by a conductor 118 with the resistance lil.

For deenergizing drops of drop from the insulator, the crown member 7 8 and the section (Z are provided with annular depressions'lltl and lQOnear their (Outer peripheries. lln these depressions 119 and 120, perforations are formed to permit the water that flows into such depressions to drop therethrough drop by drop. (in, the outer and inner sides of these rows of perforations, along the lower surfaces of the crown member 78 and the section d, there ,are formed annular rims 121, which are elec: trically connected with one another for withdrawing any possess. i

it is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made to the details of iconstruction' without departing from the general spirit or scope of the present invention.

charge-that the drops might claim ,bination of an insulator body having a plurality of hoods, of a reservoir in the interior of said insulator, aplurality of ducts connecting the said reservoir with the sur- {faces of said hoods, an insulating fluid in {521d reservoir, ,streams of insulating fluid to flow from said reservoir through said ducts,

2. In a system of electric insulation, the combination of insulator bodies, a fluid reservoir arranged therein, interiorly arranged fluid conductingducts in connection with said reservoir for conducting fluid from saidreservoir to the outer surfaces of said insulator bodies, and means for constantly circulating fluid from saidreservoir to said insulator bodies. a

3. in a system of electric insulation, the combination of insulator bodies having interiorly arranged fluid reservoirs therein,

fluid guiding means in said bodies for guid' mg fluid from said fluid reservoirs to the water as they Having thus described my invention, It

and means for causing;

l. In an insulator for electricity, the comfrom said guiding means to said in'sulatori bodies.

4. din a system of electric insulation, the combination with an insulator body, of a reservoir interiorly arranged in said body, interiorly arranged fluid conducting ducts in connection with said reservoir, means for circulating insulating fluids through said ducts from said reservoir and substantially annular: discharge ports in communication with sa d ducts, for directing the circulating fluid dlscharged from said ducts in hoodlike formation.

In a system of electric insulation, an insulator body having interiorlyarranged -fluid conducting ducts, a'fluid reservoir coning the neeted to said ducts, and means, for circulating insulating fluids from said reservoir throughsaid ducts, the body having substantially annular discharge ports for directing the moving insulating fluid discharged from said ducts in circular forma-" tion, said annular fluid discharge ports bej ing constricted in relation to the volume of insulatorfluid supplied thereto. 4

. 6; A system of electric insulationcomprising an insulating body having sealing chambers therein, there being discharging ports for said sealing chambers, a conduit for conveyingsealing fluid to such sealing chambers, sa1d sealing fluid formingseals to prevent the admission of objectionable matter to such system through such sealing chambers,-and a-conduit for conveying nonconductive insulating fluid through said chambers and out through said ports.

7. In a system of duct two insulating fluids of different densities, there being chambers formed in sa1d insulating body, the denser of the said flulds being disposed in said chambers to form seals to prevent the admission of objectionable matter to suchsystem, the lighter of the said fluids being a medium for absorbing conductive matter, and means for causpassage of'the denser fluid through said denser fluid for the purpose of. ab-' sorbing obj ectionable conductive mattercarried bysaid lighter fluid.

8. In electric insulatingbodies, an insulator having a plurality hood members,

downwardly depending annular bafile members integral thereon, fluid disposed in said channels, the bafiie members of the upper hoods so arranged as to extend downinto the fluid channel in its adjacent hood member and below the normal level of said fluid, a fluid -reserv6ir, insulating fluid in said reservoir, orts leading from said reservoir to the big est fluid channel, ports leading from each fluid channel successively back to said reservoir, means for causing said insulating fluid to circulate as described, chambers formed in said insulator and sealed by said circulating insulating flu1d,.and'.heater means arranged in the interior of said insu lator so as to heat said chambers. V

9. In a system of electric insulation, an insulator, conductors earned thereby, a support for the insulator, an insulator fluid circulating in said, insulator, there being ducts formed in said insulator to permit said insulator fluid to flow across the outer surfaces of said insulator, and means for caus-. ing streams of nsulator fluid toflow across the outer surfaces of sa1d insulator electric insulation, an i insulator body arranged to rec'elve and cone members 1n sa1d hoods,

of superimposed the same having annularfluid channels arranged therein and having 1 0 8 8.

, sulating t1guous walls of said lator bodies, and means for directing the motion of said fluid, said means forming a moving jet in such direction relative .to the adjacent edges of said spaced insulating bodies as to ,prevent theformation of electrical conducting bridges between such adjacent edges; t Q 1 12. In a system of electric insulation, the combination in an insulator of a plurality of insulating hoods, said hoods being spaced apart, a pre-determined number of, said plurality of insulating bodies con; 1

insulating fluid hoods having heat insulating means arranged thereon, an insulating fluid located in the space between said hoods, and means for causing the circulation of said insulating fluid between said insulating hoods.

13. In arsystem of electric insulation, an

insulator body-having a plurality of super imposed insulating. hood members and havmg downwardly depending annular baifle arranged thereon, annular recesses a dense insulating fluid in said recess, said baflie members pro ecting below the fluid level in said recesses, andmeans for circulating said insulating fluid in said re 14. In a system insulating body, :a fluid reservoir arranged therein, fluid guiding ducts in connection with said pump and reservoir in communication with the outer surfaces of said im sulating body,'-a pump in connection with said reservoir for circulating fluid therefrom to the outer surfaces of said insulating body,

and insulatingfluid purifying means in connectlon with said pump.

for electric insulation, an,

15. In a system of electric insulation, an Y insulator comprising a plurality of insulat ing hollow bodies, a

insulatingfluids ofdifferent densities, and

- fluid circulating means for causing said fluids to flow on the surfaces and in the interior of said insulating bodies,

16. In a system'of electric insulation, an

insulating} body comprising a plurality of inhollow walls spaced apart, {a nonconducting fluid in said 'hollow' walls, said fluid being in contactwith the opposite (ionhollow members, thereby forming a plurality of scaled intercommunicating compartments, a second insulata plurality of circulating 1 ing fluid of a difl'erent density than the first said fluid, and fluid circulating means for causing movement of the second said fluid Y in the interior of said walls,

17, In a system for electric insulation, an insulator, independent electrical conductors carried thereby, one of said conductors being in the form of a duct in communication with the outer surfaces of said insulator for carrying a circulating insulating fluid to such outer surfaces of said insulator body.

18. In a system of electric insulation, an

insulating body, an insulating fluid reservoir therein, fluid pumping and conducting means in connection with said reservoir, and heater 15 means arranged in said insulating body for heating the fluid in said insulating body.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 29th day of July, 1909, in the presence of the two subscribing-witnesses.

sewn MGLLER.

Witnesses:

LEWIS DEINER, 1 MARTA L. THOMPSQN'. 

